The Nigerian Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) of 2021 aims to reform the country’s oil and gas sector by restructuring state-owned NNPC and attracting investment. It includes provisions for a Host Communities Development Trust Fund to address the grievances of communities in oil-producing regions. This fund will receive contributions from oil companies to develop infrastructure and improve socio-economic conditions in these communities. However, the success of these initiatives depends on effective governance, transparency, and community participation.